There are numerous things that could be said that we have acquired from the cuorse titled CLC 314 Historical background to the New Testament. Furthermore the cuorse has given us a critical insight into different categories of the Jewish lifestyle, inhibitions, beliefs, way of life (culture) and others to mention a few and below are the topics discussed in the Cuorse. First Century Galilee where we discussed the Jewish lifestyle, Tradition of second Temple Judaism which refers to the religion of Judaism during the Second temple period between the construction of the the second Jewish temple in Jerusalem in 515 BCE,Late second Temple period, The Jewish sects, Attempt to rebuild the Temple, Herodian Dynasty, Evidence of Jesus, and Historicity of Jesus among others. From the above one would infer that the cuorse made us understand a little about the way of life of the Jews as we have deeper understanding about what the Holy Bible has said there are numerous lessons and skills as this to just to give us an insight of what Group 5 members wants to talk about.
Alexander the Great and the Period of the successors Alexander the Great died at age 33. In the of year of 323 BCE. His death was a surprise and had a big impact on the geopolitical world of the 3rd century BC. Those enormous lands he conquered fell apart as four of his generals divided up his empire among themselves. Which two of the kingdoms were the Seleucid kingdom- stretching from Asia Minor eastward and the Ptolemaic kingdom, which was centered in Egypt.
First-Century Galilee Archaeological excavations in Galilee over the past 30 or so years, however, have added to our understanding of first- century Galilee was inhabited by Jews. During the second to fourth centuries and even later, Galilee was the living center of the Jewish people and its leadership, and the place in which the Toral was collected and in large degree created. The following are the factors that depict Galilee has been inhabited by Jews; Coins: coins are one of the factors that depict Galilee has been inhabited by Jews. For example, from the late 2 century B.C., the coins minted by the Hasmonean ruler of Jerusalem dominated the currency of Galilee. It was this period the use of non-Jewish coins dropped off significantly at Galilean site. Stone Vessels: Discovering of stone vessels at Galilean site dating to the first century B.C. and A.D. depict Galilee has been inhabited by Jews. This discovery provider fascinating evidence of ritual purity in the daily lives of Galilean Jews. Ritual Immersion Pools (mikveh): A number of Galilean sites have Jewish ritual immersion Pools. Because Jewish religious practices required ritual purity. In other words, Ritual immersion pools address One’s state of purity to enter sacred space. Pig Avoidance: During first-century at Galilean sites, a quite number of animal bones were discovered except pig bones. Of course, the Law of Moses prohibits the consumption of pigs. Jerusalem Manufactured Lamps: also known as Herodian lamp. Made in Jerusalem in connection Jerusalem, its temple, and the temple’s menorah with light. By taking these lamps home, Galileans sought to bring into their homes and daily lives a conncetion with the light of the temple and their spiritual experience in Jerusalem. Synagogues: To date, archeologists have discovered two first- century synagogues in Galilee at Gamla and Migdal. Its served as Jewish focal point where the leaders would read the Torah and comment on it , which was the primary activity of first- century synagogues.
*Herodian Dynasty* The herodian dynasty was a Judean dynasty of Idumean/Edomite descent. The Herodian dynasty began with Herod the Great who assumed the throne of Judea after convincing the Roman Senate of his sincere intentiondin favour of the Roman's. His kingdom lasted until his death in 4BCE when it was divided between his 3 sons as a tetrachy. His kingdom was divided thus: * *Herod Archelaus*, son of Malthacr the Samaritan, was given the main part of the kingdom: Judea proper, Edem and Samaria; which he ruled for ten years until 6CE when he was banished to Vienna Gaul where he lived the earth of his life. * *Herod Philip I*, son of Cleopatra of Jerusalem was given jurisdiction over the northeast part of his father's kingdom * *Herod Antipas*also known as Antipater, another son of Malthace, was made ruler of the Galilee and Permanently which he ruled until he was exiled to Spain by emperor Caligula in 39CE. Thus, the Herodian dynasty became reunited under the rule of Agrippa I who was the grandson of Herod the Great.
The lessons to be learnt from CLC 314 is the historical background to the New Testament. It is a course which has opened one's mind to the existence and presence of the Jews in Galilee due to the presence of stone vessels, coins, ritual immersion pools, Jerusalem lamps and so forth which has been discovered and studied by archaeologists. The course also gives us insight into the true nature of the Pharisees, Sadducees and Scribes which are prominent personalities in the New Testament of the bible. Thus, we've come to discover that these Jewish sects were not only religious but were as well political and even social as they carried out administrative duties; most especially; the Sadducees.
The term "zealot" means one who is zealous on behalf of God. The zealots were a "fourth sect", founded by Judas of Galilee, in the year 6CE against Quirinius' tax reform, shortly after the Roman Empire declared what had most recently been the tetrarch of herod Archelous to be a Roman province, and that they "agree in all other things with the pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord". The Zealots had the leading role in the first Jewish Roman war (66-73CE). The Zealots objected to Roman rule and violently sought to eradicate it by generally targeting Romans and Greeks. The Sicarii were a splinter group of the Jewish Zealots who, in the decades preceding Jerusalem destruction in 70CE, heavily opposed the Roman occupation of Judea and attempted to expel them and their sympathizers from the area. The Sicarii carried Sicae, or small daggers, concealed in their cloaks. At public gatherings, they pulled out these daggers to attack Romans and Hebrew Roman sympathizers alike, blending into the crowd after in the deed to escape detention. According to Josephus, the Sicarii were antagonistic to a larger grouping of Jews referred to as the Zealots, who carried the main burden of the rebellion. Josephus emphasizes that the Sicarii were considered more extreme than the Zealots. Josephus paints the Sicarii as murderers who would even go so far as to raid nearby Jewish villages Including Ein Gedi
Early life of Herod Antipater Herod Antipater was born before (20 BC and died after 39 AD). He was a son of Herod the Great, who had become king of Judea, and Malthace, who was from Samaria. Herod Antipater was known by the nickname Antipas, he was a 1st century ruler of Galilee and Peres, who bore the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter "). Antipas was not Herod's first choice of the heir. That honor fell to Aristobulus and Alexander, Herod's sons by the Hasmonean princess Marianne. It was only after they were executed (7 BC), and Herod's oldest son Antipater was convicted of trying to poison his father (5 BC), that the now elderly Herod fell back on his youngest son Antipas, revising his will to make him heir. During his fatal illness in 4 BC, Herod had yet another change of heart about the succession. According to the final version of his will, Antipas' elder brother Archelaus was now to become the king of Judea, Idumea and Samaria, while Antipas would rule Galilee and Perea with the lesser title of tetrarch. Philip was to receive Gaulanitis (the Golan Heights), Batanaea (southern Syria), Trachonitis and Auranitis (Hauran). Because of Judea's status as a Roman client kingdom, Herod's plan for the succession had to be ratified by Augustus. The three heirs therefore travelled to Rome to make their claims, Antipas arguing he ought to inherit the whole kingdom and the others maintaining that Herod's final will ought to be honored. Despite qualified support for Antipas from Herodian family members in Rome, who favoured direct Roman rule of Judea but considered Antipas preferable to his brother, Augustus largely confirmed the division of territory set out by Herod in his final will. After being named to the throne by Caesar Augustus upon the death of his father, Herod the Great, in 4 BC, and subsequent Ethnarch rule by his brother,Herod Archelaus, Antipas ruled them as a client state of the Roman Empire. He was responsible for building projects at Sepphoris and Betharamphtha, and more important for the construction of his capital Tiberias on the western shore of the sea of Galilee. Herod Antipas is best known today for accounts in the New Testaments of his role in the events that led to the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth. The division of Herod's kingdom: Territory under Herod Archelaus from 6 Judea Province Territory under Herod Antipas Territory under Herod Philip II Salome I (cities of Jabneh, Azotas, Phaesalis) Autonomous cities (Decapolis)
Attempt to rebuild the temple In keeping effort to foster religion other than christainity he ordered the rebuilt of the temple. The effort of Emperor towards the rebuilt of the temple was explained by Ammanius Marcellinus who is also the personal friend,he states that Emperor Julian thought to rebuild the temple which was the proud temple of Jerusalem and commited the tasking of the rebuilt of temple to Alpius of Antioch. Alpius worked rigoursly to the work and he was supported by the governor of the province but he gave up on the attempt of the rebuilt of the temple due to the attacks of the fearful breaks of fire and this affected the foundation and also the workmen. the project of rebuilding the temple was aborted because each time the workers tried to build the temple using the existing substructure, they were burned by terrible flames coming from inside the earth and an earthquake negated what work was made . The failure of the rebuilt of the temple was as a result of the earthquake in Galilee in the year 363 and the jews had ambivalence towards the project. At that time the Christians historians had a common view which was Divine intervention, When Julian was killed in battle after a reign of less than three years, the Christians reasserted control over the empire, and the opportunity to rebuild the Temple ended.Emperor Julian had the support of the jews after a long while of hostility of the earlier emperors this made him refer to him "Julian the hellenes",this depict that the jews fully supported Julian. Herodian Dynasty Herod the Great, was a King of Judea from 40 BC to 4 BC. He was completely beholding to the power of Rome. He came from a powerful and wealthy Idumaean family who had strong connections among the elite of Rome Herodian dynasty began with Herod the great,he got the throne with the support of the Roman bringing down the long century with Hasmonenian kingdom .His reign lasted till his death 4BCE. The kingdom was divided between his sons as a tetrachy which also lasted for 10years ("rulers of a quarter part"). One of these quarters was Judea corresponding to the region of the ancient Kingdom of Judah. Herod's son Herod Archelaus, ruled Judea so badly that he was dismissed in 6 CE by the Roman emperor Augustus, who appointed Quirinius to exercise direct Roman rule after an appeal from Herod Archelaus' own population, thus was formed the Province of Judea. Another, Herod Antipas, ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from 4 BCE to 39 CE, being then dismissed by Caligula.most of the kingdoms were incorporated into Judea province 6CE limited Herodian kingship continued till 92 when the last Herodian monarch Agrippa II died and Rome assumed power into domain.
Those who participated in this essay are Adegbola Gabriel Olutumi, Akanbi Olapeju, Emmanuel Faith, Amosu Abidemi, Onitana Moshood Olawale, Chukwuemeka Victor, Ikpeasonim Mekenwa Rosemary.
CLC 314 which course title is the historical background to the New Testament has provided insight to the history of the new testament gospel. It opens our mind to the fact that there were Jews living in Galilee during the first century who did not loose connection with their origin as they went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem and adhered to the Torah which was the Jewish constitution. The course also proves the existence of Jesus using a historical perspective thus complementing evidences of His existence depicted in the New Testament gospel. The writings of two non Christian help to provide evidence of Jesus' existence.These writers which are Josephus Flavius who is himself and Jew and Tacitus who is a Roman provide strong evidence of the existence of Jesus thus debunking belief of His non existence. The writings of this writers thus helps us to understand the fact that Jesus was not a myth or a fabrication of some Set of people's imagination. Similarly, CLC 314 has helped us in understanding the circumstances or events that surrounds Jesus'trial as there was a play of politics in the sense that Pontius Pilate sent Jesus to be tried by Herod Antipas who instead sent Him back to Pilate to be tried. By virtue of this act, the relationship between Herod Antipas and Pontius Pilate was mended as there was a fight earlier on between them.
I have read through your work. Although I wanted to hear your thoughts on the issue, this would suffice. Kindly provide reference for this study. Thank you.
References Boyarin, Daniel (1997). A Radical Jew: Paul and Politics of identity ISBN 0-520-21214-2 Dominic (1991).The Historical Jesus : The life of a Mediterranean Jewish, ISBN 0-06-061629-6. Ehnman, Bart(2003).The New Testament : A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings, ISBN 0-19-515462-2 Neusner, Jacob Judaism When Christianity Began : A survey of Belief and Practice, Louisville : Westminster John Knox, 2003. ISBN 0-664-22527-6. Sanders,E.P. (1996). The Historical Figure of Jesus, Penguin ISBN 0-14-014499-4. Vermes, Geza Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels. ISBN 0-8006-1443-7
Late Second Temple Period The Late Second Temple Period (c. 200 BCE to 70 CE) was a period of intense social changes for the Jews. Maccabees: The Jews were led by Mattathias and his son Judah (the Maccabee) of the priestly Hasmonean family to enter Jerusalem for the purification of the Temple. The event was thence celebrated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. By subsequent Hasmonean victories (147 BCE), the Seleucids restored autonomy to Judea (also called Israel) and when the Seleucid kingdom collapsed in 129 BCE, the Jews were totally independent. Jewish life flourished under the Hasmonean Dynasty which lasted about 80 years, as the kingdom regained boundaries not far short of Solomon's realm. Pompey's siege of Jerusalem in 63 BCE: This siege occurred during Pompey's campaigns in the east, shortly after his successful conclusion of the Third Mithridatic War. He intervened in an internecine war for the throne of the Hasmonean kingdom, and his conquest of Jerusalem spelt the end of Jewish independence and the incorporation of Judea into the Roman Republic as a client kingdom. Roman Judea: After replacing the Seleucids, the Romans granted Hyrcanus II (the Hasmonean king) limited authority under the Roman governor of Damascus. The Jews were hostile to the new regime and engaged in insurrections. Mattathias Antigonus died while attempting to restore the former glory of the Hasmonean dynasty, thus bringing its rule to an end in 40 BCE, and the land became a province of the Roman Empire. Herod became one of the most powerful monarchs in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, after being appointed king of Judea by the Romans in 37 BCE. Even though he remodeled the Temple into one of the most magnificent buildings of its time, he failed to win the trust and support of his Jewish subjects. The Jews were defeated, Jerusalem and the Temple were destroyed in 4 BCE. However, they survived the encounter with Rome. The small remaining Jewish community gradually recovered, reinforced from time to time by returning exiles. Halakhah (Jewish religious law) served as the common bond among the Jews. The first open break between Rome and the Jews has been proposed as the 'Crisis under Caligula'. Judea regained its autonomy between 41 CE and 44 CE when Hero's Agrippa was made king of the Jews. On his death, the province came under Roman control for a short period. Marcus Julius Agrippa (son of Agrippa) was made king of the Jews in 48 CE, and was the seventh cum last of the Herodians. Judaea was the stage of three major rebellions against Roman rule: a) 66--70 CE: First rebellion, followed by the destruction of Herod's Temple and the siege of Jerusalem. b) 115--117 CE: Second rebellion, called Kitos War. c) 132--135 CE: Third rebellion, Bar Kokhba's revolt. After Bar Kokhba's revolt, the emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem became Aelia Capitolina. It was said that this was done to erase the historical ties of the Jews to the region.
There are numerous things that could be said that we have acquired from the cuorse titled CLC 314 Historical background to the New Testament. Furthermore the cuorse has given us a critical insight into different categories of the Jewish lifestyle, inhibitions, beliefs, way of life (culture) and others to mention a few and below are the topics discussed in the Cuorse. First Century Galilee where we discussed the Jewish lifestyle, Tradition of second Temple Judaism which refers to the religion of Judaism during the Second temple period between the construction of the the second Jewish temple in Jerusalem in 515 BCE,Late second Temple period, The Jewish sects, Attempt to rebuild the Temple, Herodian Dynasty, Evidence of Jesus, and Historicity of Jesus among others. From the above one would infer that the cuorse made us understand a little about the way of life of the Jews as we have deeper understanding about what the Holy Bible has said there are numerous lessons and skills as this to just to give us an insight of what Group 5 members wants to talk about.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteAlexander the Great and the Period of the successors
Alexander the Great died at age 33. In the of year of 323 BCE. His death was a surprise and had a big impact on the geopolitical world of the 3rd century BC. Those enormous lands he conquered fell apart as four of his generals divided up his empire among themselves. Which two of the kingdoms were the Seleucid kingdom- stretching from Asia Minor eastward and the Ptolemaic kingdom, which was centered in Egypt.
First-Century Galilee
Archaeological excavations in Galilee over the past 30 or so years, however, have added to our understanding of first- century Galilee was inhabited by Jews. During the second to fourth centuries and even later, Galilee was the living center of the Jewish people and its leadership, and the place in which the Toral was collected and in large degree created.
The following are the factors that depict Galilee has been inhabited by Jews;
Coins: coins are one of the factors that depict Galilee has been inhabited by Jews. For example, from the late 2 century B.C., the coins minted by the Hasmonean ruler of Jerusalem dominated the currency of Galilee. It was this period the use of non-Jewish coins dropped off significantly at Galilean site.
Stone Vessels: Discovering of stone vessels at Galilean site dating to the first century B.C. and A.D. depict Galilee has been inhabited by Jews. This discovery provider fascinating evidence of ritual purity in the daily lives of Galilean Jews.
Ritual Immersion Pools (mikveh): A number of Galilean sites have Jewish ritual immersion Pools. Because Jewish religious practices required ritual purity. In other words, Ritual immersion pools address One’s state of purity to enter sacred space.
Pig Avoidance: During first-century at Galilean sites, a quite number of animal bones were discovered except pig bones. Of course, the Law of Moses prohibits the consumption of pigs.
Jerusalem Manufactured Lamps: also known as Herodian lamp. Made in Jerusalem in connection Jerusalem, its temple, and the temple’s menorah with light. By taking these lamps home, Galileans sought to bring into their homes and daily lives a conncetion with the light of the temple and their spiritual experience in Jerusalem.
Synagogues: To date, archeologists have discovered two first- century synagogues in Galilee at Gamla and Migdal. Its served as Jewish focal point where the leaders would read the Torah and comment on it , which was the primary activity of first- century synagogues.
*Herodian Dynasty*
ReplyDeleteThe herodian dynasty was a Judean dynasty of Idumean/Edomite descent. The Herodian dynasty began with Herod the Great who assumed the throne of Judea after convincing the Roman Senate of his sincere intentiondin favour of the Roman's. His kingdom lasted until his death in 4BCE when it was divided between his 3 sons as a tetrachy. His kingdom was divided thus:
* *Herod Archelaus*, son of Malthacr the Samaritan, was given the main part of the kingdom: Judea proper, Edem and Samaria; which he ruled for ten years until 6CE when he was banished to Vienna Gaul where he lived the earth of his life.
* *Herod Philip I*, son of Cleopatra of Jerusalem was given jurisdiction over the northeast part of his father's kingdom
* *Herod Antipas*also known as Antipater, another son of Malthace, was made ruler of the Galilee and Permanently which he ruled until he was exiled to Spain by emperor Caligula in 39CE.
Thus, the Herodian dynasty became reunited under the rule of Agrippa I who was the grandson of Herod the Great.
The lessons to be learnt from CLC 314 is the historical background to the New Testament. It is a course which has opened one's mind to the existence and presence of the Jews in Galilee due to the presence of stone vessels, coins, ritual immersion pools, Jerusalem lamps and so forth which has been discovered and studied by archaeologists. The course also gives us insight into the true nature of the Pharisees, Sadducees and Scribes which are prominent personalities in the New Testament of the bible. Thus, we've come to discover that these Jewish sects were not only religious but were as well political and even social as they carried out administrative duties; most especially; the Sadducees.
ReplyDeleteThe term "zealot" means one who is zealous on behalf of God. The zealots were a "fourth sect", founded by Judas of Galilee, in the year 6CE against Quirinius' tax reform, shortly after the Roman Empire declared what had most recently been the tetrarch of herod Archelous to be a Roman province, and that they "agree in all other things with the pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord". The Zealots had the leading role in the first Jewish Roman war (66-73CE). The Zealots objected to Roman rule and violently sought to eradicate it by generally targeting Romans and Greeks.
ReplyDeleteThe Sicarii were a splinter group of the Jewish Zealots who, in the decades preceding Jerusalem destruction in 70CE, heavily opposed the Roman occupation of Judea and attempted to expel them and their sympathizers from the area. The Sicarii carried Sicae, or small daggers, concealed in their cloaks. At public gatherings, they pulled out these daggers to attack Romans and Hebrew Roman sympathizers alike, blending into the crowd after in the deed to escape detention.
According to Josephus, the Sicarii were antagonistic to a larger grouping of Jews referred to as the Zealots, who carried the main burden of the rebellion. Josephus emphasizes that the Sicarii were considered more extreme than the Zealots.
Josephus paints the Sicarii as murderers who would even go so far as to raid nearby Jewish villages Including Ein Gedi
Early life of Herod Antipater
ReplyDeleteHerod Antipater was born before (20 BC and died after 39 AD). He was a son of Herod the Great, who had become king of Judea, and Malthace, who was from Samaria. Herod Antipater was known by the nickname Antipas, he was a 1st century ruler of Galilee and Peres, who bore the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter ").
Antipas was not Herod's first choice of the heir. That honor fell to Aristobulus and Alexander, Herod's sons by the Hasmonean princess Marianne. It was only after they were executed (7 BC), and Herod's oldest son Antipater was convicted of trying to poison his father (5 BC), that the now elderly Herod fell back on his youngest son Antipas, revising his will to make him heir. During his fatal illness in 4 BC, Herod had yet another change of heart about the succession. According to the final version of his will, Antipas' elder brother Archelaus was now to become the king of Judea, Idumea and Samaria, while Antipas would rule Galilee and Perea with the lesser title of tetrarch. Philip was to receive Gaulanitis (the Golan Heights), Batanaea (southern Syria), Trachonitis and Auranitis (Hauran).
Because of Judea's status as a Roman client kingdom, Herod's plan for the succession had to be ratified by Augustus. The three heirs therefore travelled to Rome to make their claims, Antipas arguing he ought to inherit the whole kingdom and the others maintaining that Herod's final will ought to be honored. Despite qualified support for Antipas from Herodian family members in Rome, who favoured direct Roman rule of Judea but considered Antipas preferable to his brother, Augustus largely confirmed the division of territory set out by Herod in his final will.
After being named to the throne by Caesar Augustus upon the death of his father, Herod the Great, in 4 BC, and subsequent Ethnarch rule by his brother,Herod Archelaus, Antipas ruled them as a client state of the Roman Empire. He was responsible for building projects at Sepphoris and Betharamphtha, and more important for the construction of his capital Tiberias on the western shore of the sea of Galilee.
Herod Antipas is best known today for accounts in the New Testaments of his role in the events that led to the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth.
The division of Herod's kingdom:
Territory under Herod Archelaus from 6 Judea Province
Territory under Herod Antipas
Territory under Herod Philip II
Salome I (cities of Jabneh, Azotas, Phaesalis)
Autonomous cities (Decapolis)
Attempt to rebuild the temple
ReplyDeleteIn keeping effort to foster religion other than christainity he ordered the rebuilt of the temple. The effort of Emperor towards the rebuilt of the temple was explained by Ammanius Marcellinus who is also the personal friend,he states that Emperor Julian thought to rebuild the temple which was the proud temple of Jerusalem and commited the tasking of the rebuilt of temple to Alpius of Antioch.
Alpius worked rigoursly to the work and he was supported by the governor of the province but he gave up on the attempt of the rebuilt of the temple due to the attacks of the fearful breaks of fire and this affected the foundation and also the workmen.
the project of rebuilding the temple was aborted because each time the workers tried to build the temple using the existing substructure, they were burned by terrible flames coming from inside the earth and an earthquake negated what work was made .
The failure of the rebuilt of the temple was as a result of the earthquake in Galilee in the year 363 and the jews had ambivalence towards the project. At that time the Christians historians had a common view which was Divine intervention, When Julian was killed in battle after a reign of less than three years, the Christians reasserted control over the empire, and the opportunity to rebuild the Temple ended.Emperor Julian had the support of the jews after a long while of hostility of the earlier emperors this made him refer to him "Julian the hellenes",this depict that the jews fully supported Julian.
Herodian Dynasty
Herod the Great, was a King of Judea from 40 BC to 4 BC. He was completely beholding to the power of Rome. He came from a powerful and wealthy Idumaean family who had strong connections among the elite of Rome
Herodian dynasty began with Herod the great,he got the throne with the support of the Roman bringing down the long century with Hasmonenian kingdom
.His reign lasted till his death 4BCE. The kingdom was divided between his sons as a tetrachy which also lasted for 10years ("rulers of a quarter part"). One of these quarters was Judea corresponding to the region of the ancient Kingdom of Judah. Herod's son Herod Archelaus, ruled Judea so badly that he was dismissed in 6 CE by the Roman emperor Augustus, who appointed Quirinius to exercise direct Roman rule after an appeal from Herod Archelaus' own population, thus was formed the Province of Judea. Another, Herod Antipas, ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from 4 BCE to 39 CE, being then dismissed by Caligula.most of the kingdoms were incorporated into Judea province 6CE limited Herodian kingship continued till 92 when the last Herodian monarch Agrippa II died and Rome assumed power into domain.
Those who participated in this essay are Adegbola Gabriel Olutumi, Akanbi Olapeju, Emmanuel Faith, Amosu Abidemi, Onitana Moshood Olawale, Chukwuemeka Victor, Ikpeasonim Mekenwa Rosemary.
ReplyDeleteCLC 314 which course title is the historical background to the New Testament has provided insight to the history of the new testament gospel. It opens our mind to the fact that there were Jews living in Galilee during the first century who did not loose connection with their origin as they went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem and adhered to the Torah which was the Jewish constitution. The course also proves the existence of Jesus using a historical perspective thus complementing evidences of His existence depicted in the New Testament gospel. The writings of two non Christian help to provide evidence of Jesus' existence.These writers which are Josephus Flavius who is himself and Jew and Tacitus who is a Roman provide strong evidence of the existence of Jesus thus debunking belief of His non existence. The writings of this writers thus helps us to understand the fact that Jesus was not a myth or a fabrication of some Set of people's imagination. Similarly, CLC 314 has helped us in understanding the circumstances or events that surrounds Jesus'trial as there was a play of politics in the sense that Pontius Pilate sent Jesus to be tried by Herod Antipas who instead sent Him back to Pilate to be tried. By virtue of this act, the relationship between Herod Antipas and Pontius Pilate was mended as there was a fight earlier on between them.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteI have read through your work. Although I wanted to hear your thoughts on the issue, this would suffice. Kindly provide reference for this study.
ReplyDeleteThank you.
OK ma. Oketokun Sijuola oluwakemi and Chijioke Gift Chizurum they also participated
DeleteReferences
DeleteBoyarin, Daniel (1997). A Radical Jew: Paul and Politics of identity ISBN 0-520-21214-2
Dominic (1991).The Historical Jesus : The life of a Mediterranean Jewish, ISBN 0-06-061629-6.
Ehnman, Bart(2003).The New Testament : A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings, ISBN 0-19-515462-2
Neusner, Jacob Judaism When Christianity Began : A survey of Belief and Practice, Louisville : Westminster John Knox, 2003. ISBN 0-664-22527-6.
Sanders,E.P. (1996). The Historical Figure of Jesus, Penguin ISBN 0-14-014499-4.
Vermes, Geza Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels. ISBN 0-8006-1443-7
Late Second Temple Period
ReplyDeleteThe Late Second Temple Period (c. 200 BCE to 70 CE) was a period of intense social changes for the Jews.
Maccabees: The Jews were led by Mattathias and his son Judah (the Maccabee) of the priestly Hasmonean family to enter Jerusalem for the purification of the Temple. The event was thence celebrated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. By subsequent Hasmonean victories (147 BCE), the Seleucids restored autonomy to Judea (also called Israel) and when the Seleucid kingdom collapsed in 129 BCE, the Jews were totally independent. Jewish life flourished under the Hasmonean Dynasty which lasted about 80 years, as the kingdom regained boundaries not far short of Solomon's realm.
Pompey's siege of Jerusalem in 63 BCE: This siege occurred during Pompey's campaigns in the east, shortly after his successful conclusion of the Third Mithridatic War. He intervened in an internecine war for the throne of the Hasmonean kingdom, and his conquest of Jerusalem spelt the end of Jewish independence and the incorporation of Judea into the Roman Republic as a client kingdom.
Roman Judea: After replacing the Seleucids, the Romans granted Hyrcanus II (the Hasmonean king) limited authority under the Roman governor of Damascus. The Jews were hostile to the new regime and engaged in insurrections. Mattathias Antigonus died while attempting to restore the former glory of the Hasmonean dynasty, thus bringing its rule to an end in 40 BCE, and the land became a province of the Roman Empire. Herod became one of the most powerful monarchs in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, after being appointed king of Judea by the Romans in 37 BCE. Even though he remodeled the Temple into one of the most magnificent buildings of its time, he failed to win the trust and support of his Jewish subjects. The Jews were defeated, Jerusalem and the Temple were destroyed in 4 BCE.
However, they survived the encounter with Rome. The small remaining Jewish community gradually recovered, reinforced from time to time by returning exiles. Halakhah (Jewish religious law) served as the common bond among the Jews.
The first open break between Rome and the Jews has been proposed as the 'Crisis under Caligula'. Judea regained its autonomy between 41 CE and 44 CE when Hero's Agrippa was made king of the Jews. On his death, the province came under Roman control for a short period. Marcus Julius Agrippa (son of Agrippa) was made king of the Jews in 48 CE, and was the seventh cum last of the Herodians. Judaea was the stage of three major rebellions against Roman rule:
a) 66--70 CE: First rebellion, followed by the destruction of Herod's Temple and the siege of Jerusalem.
b) 115--117 CE: Second rebellion, called Kitos War.
c) 132--135 CE: Third rebellion, Bar Kokhba's revolt.
After Bar Kokhba's revolt, the emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem became Aelia Capitolina. It was said that this was done to erase the historical ties of the Jews to the region.