A Freedman and a slave belong to the same order because they are treated alike in ancient Rome.
Who is a Freedman? A Freedman or Freedwoman is a former slave who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, slaves were freed either by manumission (granted freedom by their owner) or emancipation ( granted freedom as part of a larger group). After manumission, a Slave who had belonged to a Roman citizen enjoyed not only passive freedom from ownership, but active political freedom(libertas) including the right to vote. A slave who had acquired libertas was known as libertus (freed person, feminine liberta) in relation to his former master who was called his or her patron. Sometimes they were freed because they were getting too old to work and the people who owned them don't want to have to take care of them anymore. Freedmen and Freedwomen still had to do what their ex- owners told them, and had to work for them for free if their owners wanted them. Freedwomen could not refuse to marry the men who had once owned them, even though they were 'free' now.
The concept of slavery in ancient Rome. Slavery played an important role in society and the economy besides manual labour, slaves performed many domestic services, and might be employed at highly skilled jobs and professions. Accountants and physicians were often slaves. Slaves were considered property under Roman law and had no legal person hood. Unlike Roman citizen they could be subjected to corporal punishment, sexual exploitation(prostitutes were often slaves), torture and summary execution. The testimony of a slave could not be accepted in a court of law unless the slave was tortured. Romans slaves could hold property despite the fact that it belonged to their masters, they were allowed to use as if it were their own. Skilled or educated slaves were allowed to earn their own money, and might hope to save enough to buy their freedom, such slaves were often freed by the terms of their master's will, or for services rendered. A notable example of a high status slave was "Tito" the Secretary of "Cicero". However the master could arrange that slaves would have enough money to buy their freedom when they were too old to work, they could then use the money to buy a new young slave while the old slave, unable to work, would be forced to rely on charity to stay alive. Slaves were a necessity to the Roman families. The poor Roman families have at least one slave. Slaves allow the Roman citizens have time for leisures and social life while they take care of work and earn money for their Masters. A slave(Servus) is one who is subjected to the will of his Master (Dominus). In ancient Rome, slaves were acquired through warfare and domestically, in a situation where poor parents sell their children. Many slaves had a real hope of gaining freedom one day. Freedmen could work as craftsman, midwives or traders. On getting. Freedom freedmen felt fulfilled, because freedom was the utmost desire of slaves. They could live like free born citizens. Their children could marry other free born children.
Freedmen and slaves could still be in the same order or even the sane rank meaning: what the slaves were still deprived of, the Freedmen too had such separation and deprivation. For example slaves and Freedmen weren't allowed to have political offices or post or even vote. Freedmen had no right to accede to honours that can only be gotten through one's tax rating, no matter their wealth they still could not gain such access. Therefore, in a city where honour was very important, the Freedmen were closer to the slaves.
Freedmen and slaves could still be in the same order or even the sane rank meaning: what the slaves were still deprived of, the Freedmen too had such separation and deprivation. For example slaves and Freedmen weren't allowed to have political offices or post or even vote. Freedmen had no right to accede to honours that can only be gotten through one's tax rating, no matter their wealth they still could not gain such access. Therefore, in a city where honour was very important, the Freedmen were closer to the slaves. Freedmen could not enjoy as much privileges as Free born citizens. The reason is that the rigid societal structure of the ancient Roman society placed many restrictions on the liberty of freedmen. As a result, Freedman were not actually "free" in the complete sense. Thus, Freedman and slaves remain in the same order. Slaves of wealthy families lived more comfortably than they do as freedmen. This is the reason some slaves continue to work under their masters. They must remain faithful to their masters even after gaining their freedom. Another evidence to show that freedmen and slaves are in the same order is funeral inscription. The funeral inscription of both freedmen and slaves was "servus" until the third century BC. There was no distinction between a slave and a freedman. In everyday conversation, right until the end of the republic people continued to refer to them as slaves. Furthermore, we could still see such in their access to honours, they were viewed by men in their hearts as still slaves, men of broken spirits and this limited then from all the honourable and honorary activities. Also like slaves, Freedmen could not go to war or dine with free born citizens no matter the professional relationship that existed between them. Freedmen were prevented from attaining important positions such as honours this is because the wealthy elites feared that the Freedmen would revenge for maltreatment. Many wealthy men choose not to hire Freedmen since their slaves could do as much work as the Freedmen without payment. This results to the struggle of freedmen for financial security and stability. Rather than live a wretched life in freedom, some freedmen would go to work under a patron who does not treat them as a "free" person. The most evident example of the Freedmen and slaves been in the same order is still their dependency on their former masters, now his "patronus". The Freedman now as a client to his former master, he owed him "obsequim",as a son to his father. He accompanied him to public places, support him in public life, and also owed him a certain number of days of work. Ancient Rome's rigid society placed importance on social status, and so even successful Freedmen were stigmatized for having been a slave, this is because Freedmen were considered as "muscula servitutis" which means "stain of slavery". There were no clear distinctions between slaves and Freedmen. "Freedmen" were not "free-men" in their own right. They still belonged to the same order as slaves, still showing the same loyalty and submissiveness as slaves to their masters.
References. 1) kunthra. (2011). Slavery in ancient Rome. Retrieved from:http://blogs.transperent.com/latin/slavery-in-ancient-rome/
2) university of Kent.(2016).life of a slave in ancient Rome:part 2. Retrieved from:http://blogs.kent.ac.uk/lucius-romans/2016/01/13/ life-of-a-slave-in-ancient-rome-part-2/
3) Petronius.(2006).life in Roman times-familylife. Retrieved from:http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/slaves-freemen.html.
4) Florence Duyont.(1994). Daily life in ancient Rome.
5)^"slaves & Freemen". PBS.
6)^mouritsen, Henrik(2011). The freedman in the Roman world. Cambridge university press. P.36
7)^Berger, Adolf (1953). Libertinus, encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman law. American philological society.p. 564
8)^cicero, Ad famillares 16.21
9)^william Smith,Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology.
Good job here. Well done Ologe Damilola. However, you must endeavour to annontate properly. Iwant to suggest that group members should each have a copy of their assignment in their electronic devices (phone, laptops) for reference when studying. You should also have a copy of the work of other groups for refence when studying too. We can all learn from each other here. Keep up the good work.
Clc 204 assignment
ReplyDeleteGroup members
Name. Matric no. Dept
Ologe Damilola 193400 Religious studies
Otuogbai Abosede 190637 Religious studies
Oloruntola Tobiloba 190599 Classics
Ayodeji Boluwatife 193363 Religious studies
Bolarinwa Olateju 190384 Classics
Oluwatobiloba Elizabeth 190613 Classics
Adeyemi Aderonke 190252 Classics
Oluyole-Balogun Sinmi 190614 Classics
Mudashir Ibraheem olatunde 190500 Classics
Adekunle Habibat Bukola 190217 Classics
Oluwamogbiele Anjolaoluwa 193403 Classics
Folayan Mercy 190439 English
Bodunde Jadesola 190439 English
Group leader
Ologe Damilola 193400 religious studies.
Oparah Jacinta 190624 Classics
DeleteA Freedman and a slave belong to the same order because they are treated alike in ancient Rome.
ReplyDeleteWho is a Freedman?
A Freedman or Freedwoman is a former slave who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, slaves were freed either by manumission (granted freedom by their owner) or emancipation ( granted freedom as part of a larger group). After manumission, a Slave who had belonged to a Roman citizen enjoyed not only passive freedom from ownership, but active political freedom(libertas) including the right to vote. A slave who had acquired libertas was known as libertus (freed person, feminine liberta) in relation to his former master who was called his or her patron.
Sometimes they were freed because they were getting too old to work and the people who owned them don't want to have to take care of them anymore. Freedmen and Freedwomen still had to do what their ex- owners told them, and had to work for them for free if their owners wanted them. Freedwomen could not refuse to marry the men who had once owned them, even though they were 'free' now.
The concept of slavery in ancient Rome.
Slavery played an important role in society and the economy besides manual labour, slaves performed many domestic services, and might be employed at highly skilled jobs and professions. Accountants and physicians were often slaves. Slaves were considered property under Roman law and had no legal person hood. Unlike Roman citizen they could be subjected to corporal punishment, sexual exploitation(prostitutes were often slaves), torture and summary execution. The testimony of a slave could not be accepted in a court of law unless the slave was tortured. Romans slaves could hold property despite the fact that it belonged to their masters, they were allowed to use as if it were their own. Skilled or educated slaves were allowed to earn their own money, and might hope to save enough to buy their freedom, such slaves were often freed by the terms of their master's will, or for services rendered. A notable example of a high status slave was "Tito" the Secretary of "Cicero".
However the master could arrange that slaves would have enough money to buy their freedom when they were too old to work, they could then use the money to buy a new young slave while the old slave, unable to work, would be forced to rely on charity to stay alive. Slaves were a necessity to the Roman families. The poor Roman families have at least one slave. Slaves allow the Roman citizens have time for leisures and social life while they take care of work and earn money for their Masters.
A slave(Servus) is one who is subjected to the will of his Master (Dominus). In ancient Rome, slaves were acquired through warfare and domestically, in a situation where poor parents sell their children. Many slaves had a real hope of gaining freedom one day. Freedmen could work as craftsman, midwives or traders. On getting. Freedom freedmen felt fulfilled, because freedom was the utmost desire of slaves. They could live like free born citizens. Their children could marry other free born children.
Freedmen and slaves could still be in the same order or even the sane rank meaning: what the slaves were still deprived of, the Freedmen too had such separation and deprivation. For example slaves and Freedmen weren't allowed to have political offices or post or even vote. Freedmen had no right to accede to honours that can only be gotten through one's tax rating, no matter their wealth they still could not gain such access. Therefore, in a city where honour was very important, the Freedmen were closer to the slaves.
Freedmen and slaves could still be in the same order or even the sane rank meaning: what the slaves were still deprived of, the Freedmen too had such separation and deprivation. For example slaves and Freedmen weren't allowed to have political offices or post or even vote. Freedmen had no right to accede to honours that can only be gotten through one's tax rating, no matter their wealth they still could not gain such access. Therefore, in a city where honour was very important, the Freedmen were closer to the slaves.
ReplyDeleteFreedmen could not enjoy as much privileges as Free born citizens. The reason is that the rigid societal structure of the ancient Roman society placed many restrictions on the liberty of freedmen. As a result, Freedman were not actually "free" in the complete sense. Thus, Freedman and slaves remain in the same order. Slaves of wealthy families lived more comfortably than they do as freedmen. This is the reason some slaves continue to work under their masters. They must remain faithful to their masters even after gaining their freedom.
Another evidence to show that freedmen and slaves are in the same order is funeral inscription. The funeral inscription of both freedmen and slaves was "servus" until the third century BC. There was no distinction between a slave and a freedman. In everyday conversation, right until the end of the republic people continued to refer to them as slaves.
Furthermore, we could still see such in their access to honours, they were viewed by men in their hearts as still slaves, men of broken spirits and this limited then from all the honourable and honorary activities.
Also like slaves, Freedmen could not go to war or dine with free born citizens no matter the professional relationship that existed between them. Freedmen were prevented from attaining important positions such as honours this is because the wealthy elites feared that the Freedmen would revenge for maltreatment.
Many wealthy men choose not to hire Freedmen since their slaves could do as much work as the Freedmen without payment. This results to the struggle of freedmen for financial security and stability. Rather than live a wretched life in freedom, some freedmen would go to work under a patron who does not treat them as a "free" person.
The most evident example of the Freedmen and slaves been in the same order is still their dependency on their former masters, now his "patronus". The Freedman now as a client to his former master, he owed him "obsequim",as a son to his father. He accompanied him to public places, support him in public life, and also owed him a certain number of days of work.
Ancient Rome's rigid society placed importance on social status, and so even successful Freedmen were stigmatized for having been a slave, this is because Freedmen were considered as "muscula servitutis" which means "stain of slavery". There were no clear distinctions between slaves and Freedmen. "Freedmen" were not "free-men" in their own right. They still belonged to the same order as slaves, still showing the same loyalty and submissiveness as slaves to their masters.
References.
ReplyDelete1) kunthra. (2011). Slavery in ancient Rome. Retrieved from:http://blogs.transperent.com/latin/slavery-in-ancient-rome/
2) university of Kent.(2016).life of a slave in ancient Rome:part 2. Retrieved from:http://blogs.kent.ac.uk/lucius-romans/2016/01/13/ life-of-a-slave-in-ancient-rome-part-2/
3) Petronius.(2006).life in Roman times-familylife. Retrieved from:http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/slaves-freemen.html.
4) Florence Duyont.(1994). Daily life in ancient Rome.
5)^"slaves & Freemen". PBS.
6)^mouritsen, Henrik(2011). The freedman in the Roman world. Cambridge university press. P.36
7)^Berger, Adolf (1953). Libertinus, encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman law. American philological society.p. 564
8)^cicero, Ad famillares 16.21
9)^william Smith,Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology.
Good job here. Well done Ologe Damilola. However, you must endeavour to annontate properly.
ReplyDeleteIwant to suggest that group members should each have a copy of their assignment in their electronic devices (phone, laptops) for reference when studying. You should also have a copy of the work of other groups for refence when studying too. We can all learn from each other here. Keep up the good work.